Insulatioin
Good Insulation keeps heat outside in summer and traps heat in winter
"台灣被動式房屋論壇" 是第一個和國際被動式房屋機構IPHA (International Passive House Affiliate) 合作在台灣成立的組織,我們是百分之百台灣所擁有的組織,我們提供”被動式房屋/建築設計”的知識和技術,透過使用PHPP軟體,確認建築物能取得Certified Passive House 認證。”台灣被動式房屋論壇”成立的目的是期望在地所建造的建築物,能夠符合世界上最高標準的建築能源使用效率,也就是國際被動房屋設計標準。
採用國際間領先的模擬技術,其中包含WUFI、PHPP、designPH和其他熱橋軟體,能精準計算出建築物在運行後所需要的空調能耗以及一次性能源需求,藉此在設計階段協助調整建築節能規劃。除此之外,沃科還提供多方面建築物理模擬。
熱平衡計算介紹
被動式房屋是具有良好的隔熱和避免漏風的建築,且每年的供暖的需求極低,以至於可以被忽略,微量的熱的供應可以被送到獨立的房間,透過加熱通風系統所提供的空氣。
在夏季相當潮溼的氣候,除溼可能是必須的,即使室內溫度已達到舒適的範圍。在高溫潮濕的氣候如台灣的夏季,欲達成低耗能的建築物,雖有可能透過夜間通風冷卻達成室內降溫,但卻也有可能因為高濕度而造成不舒適,這種原因的發生是因為傳統的空調系統所配有的除溼並不敷使用。
觀念上雖然熱交換系統在夏季時間可以被關閉,然後直接透過開窗或是夜間冷卻達到降溫,但面對台灣高溫潮溼的氣候,應考慮持續啟動熱交換系統,又或是當外部熱焓值高於建築內部時,應仍將熱交換系統啟動,以避免過多的水氣直接進入室內,而造成體感溫度的不舒適。(夏季的夜晚,當高濕度和較低溫的外氣直接被引進,會造成額外的水氣的負載)
熱交換系統HRV是透過溫度的轉換達成能源節約,而ERV系統則是以能量轉換為主軸,對於高濕和高熱的台灣氣候,被動式節能屋的概念應思考後者。再來,只透過傳統空調系統的除溼功能是不夠的,被動式節能屋建議可將除溼的功能併入在熱交換系統裡。如圖示:
圓形薄板不僅傳遞熱給即將排出的空氣,也將多餘的水分交付給髒空氣,因此維持室內舒適的溫度和空氣中持續低於12g/kg的水氣。
No matter for a new built building or refurbishment of exsiting one, there should be a basic requirement of air exchange rate. This principle is to make sure the interior CO2 below 1000ppm. The air quality is supposed to be related with the users' comfort and their working productivity. BWK uses mixed-mode ventilation strategy to support clients' projects. In some situation like summer night, NV could be introduced to flush up still air. In other situation, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery would be activated to replace window ventilation.
When MVHR system is mainly installed for whole building ventilation, fresh air is supposed to deliever to living area like living room and bedroom. That is for hygiene issue air will be extracted from kitchen, toilet or even storage room whose air is with wet and unpleasant smell. The air automatically and gentlely flow through supply and extraction area with positive pressure and negative pressure. By this way, it is confirmed that the air of the whole building is continuely replaced by fresh and filtered air.
MVHR is crucial for Passive house design. And it makes sure the internal space air always fresh. In terms of its structure, the different streams of air are separated by profiled metal or PVC plates. With the use of ducts (fin-counter-flow heat exchanger) it is possible to further increase the relevant heat exchanging area.
Planners and designers can acquire the necessary substantiated expertise in further training courses and seminars. A large range of courses are available now. Another form of advanced education is through practical implementation. An architect who has already planned and built a certified Passive House indisputably possesses the necessary know-how. The certificate shows the building owner that the designer or consultant has acquired the knowledge and experience relevant for planning or consultancy services for Passive House projects.
The PHPP is an easy to use planning tool for energy efficiency for the use of architects and planning experts. The reliability of the calculation results and ease of use of this planning tool has already been experienced by several thousand users. In addition, project data of a building model created in designPH can be exported to IP-PHPP, just as in the metric versions of PHPP. Users of the IP-version of PHPP can also enter their projects in 3D with the SketchUP-plugin designPH, before refining the data in the Passive House Planning Package.
The Passive House requires high quality components: super-insulating window frames, highly efficient ventilation units, airtightness materials, thermal insulation...and so on. Certified Passive House suitable products allow users to verify and compare the relevant parameters of the respective products.